Short history Duke's Court, St Martin's Lane and its occupants in the 18th/19th Centuries.
post under construction.
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The Mordern and Lea Map of 1685.
If this map is to be trusted entirely it shows buildings on the North side of Dukes Court backing onto the new St Martin's Church yard.
It also shows no 76 as Dukes Yard - it would appear that these buildings were demolished and replaced by two relatively regular terraces facing each other prior to 1747.
Peters Court doglegging between Hemmings Row and St Martin's Lane has not yet been built, neither have Cecil Court or St Martins Court running between Castle Street and St Martins Lane.
No 77 is Castle Yard.
78 is Ellis Court.
79, off the East side of Castle Street is the yard of Red Lion Inne.
137, off Long Acre.
140 is Blackamore Alley.
141 is Angel Court.
142 is Garter Alley.
https://www.loc.gov/resource/g5754l.ct002386/?r=0.855,0.167,0.123,0.074,0
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Duke's Court was originally built some time prior to 1684.
At this stage of posting it is difficult to pinpoint the actual date of building of Duke's Court.
From Catalogue of Books etc Thomas Thorpe 1830.
Available online.
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A New View of London: Or, An Ample Account of that City, in ... Edward Hatton · 1708 · London
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From Strype's Survey of London of 1720.
"Castle street lyeth on the Backside of Leicester Fields and St. Martin's Lane, and runneth down unto the Back Gate of the Mewse; near unto which is Duke's Court, which leadeth into St. Martin's Lane, against the Church; a large well built Court, with a Free-stone Pavement, inhabited by several French Families".
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Crop from John Roque's map of London.
Engraved by John Pine 1747.
This crop from the full map downloaded from.
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The house signs in Duke's Court were taken down and affixed to the front of the houses in November 1761 according to a Daily News report.
Locating Duke's Court, off St Martins Lane, from Horwood's Map of London. 1799.
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1830. Plan prepared for the improvements at Charing Cross.
This excellent hi res and finely detailed plan used with permission from London Picture Archive.
The buildings accessed from the Little Mews south of Duke's Court and between 134 and 137 St Martin's Lane have already been cleared for the development of the National Gallery.
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Duke's Court and the Royal Mews.
The North Eastern area of the Royal Mews, south of Duke's Court was known as the Little Mews in the mid 18th century.
From a detailed Plan by Thomas Chawner, 62 Guilford St, dated June 15 1796, in the British library.
The properties backing onto the west side of St Martin's Lane between nos 134 and 136 are designated either Crown or King's servants and could only be accessed from the Mews.
Accessed from covered Alleyways to the West from Castle Street and St Martin's Lane from the East.
Showing the North Gateway to the Kings Mews from the South end of Castle Street.
St Martin's Parish Workhouse backing on to the houses on the North side.
The old building on the East side of the King's Mews have been demolished and the land on the West side of St Martin's Lane has opened up the view to St Martin in the Fields.
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The entrance to Duke's Court underneath 17th century houses (132 and 134 St Martin's Lane) viewed from St Martin's Church Yard.
Image above Cropped From Thomas Malton's view of 1795.
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Drawing of the West side of the lower part of St Martin's Lane by George Scharf, dated 1825 with a man entering the entryway Duke's Court.
No. 6 is the Old St Martins Watch or Round House, with a man and child peering through the window
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Crop from a drawing by George Scharf 1827, view from the steps of St Martin in the Fields.
With a glimpse of 134 St Martin's Lane on the right.
Showing the rear elevations of the houses in Duke's Court shortly before demolition.
Image from British Museum.
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Some of the Inhabitants of Duke's Court.
Francis Pitsala, Plaster Figure Maker and Decorator.
at the Golden Head, Dukes Court, St Martin's Lane c. 1757.
He doesn't appear in the Biographical Dictionary .. Sculptors pub Yale 2009.
Francis Pitsala.
At The Golden Head, Lisle St, Leicester Fields, London 1749-1751,
At The Golden Head, Duke’s Court, St Martin's Lane 1751-1765,
At Wardour St 1766-1769. Figure maker and painter.
Francis Pitsala (d.1769) married Sarah Wall at St Anne's Church, Soho on 28 January 1747. He can be found in Westminster rate books, 1749-69, at the addresses above. He was a member of an Old Bailey jury in 1760.
In 1751, he advertised in a leading Edinburgh newspaper, describing himself as a figure maker willing to pack figures carefully and send them by sea or by land, and explaining that he had removed from the Golden Head in Lisle Street, Leicester Fields, to the Golden Head in Duke’s Court, St Martin’s Lane, opposite the church (Caledonian Mercury 13 June 1751, information from Helen Smailes). He took out insurance in partnership with John Lee, as painters and figure makers, from nearly opposite Chapel St in Wardour St on 14 April 1766 (London Metropolitan Archives, Sun Fire Office policy registers, 168/232825).
Francis Pitsala, figure maker in Duke's Court advertised in 1758 that he had opened a subscription for 'the Busto of his Prussian Majesty, taken from an original Painting' (Public Advertiser 2 March 1758). The bust was 22 ins high and available to subscribers at one guinea in plaster of Paris and 27 shillings in a 'much whiter' composition.
info above from - https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/research/programmes/british-bronze-founders-and-plaster-figure-makers-1800-1980-1/british-sculpture-makers-p
Horace Walpole reports - described as an Italian Limner Pitsala died in Wardour St 10 November1769.
For the Pitsala Will of the parish of St James, Westminster dated 24 October 1769 where he leaves his estate to his wife Sarah see -
https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/D511480
In May 1770 Sarah Pitsala widow and executrix of Francis Pitsala was paid a balance of the not inconsiderable sum of £260 for painting done at Shelburne house, Berkley Square under the direction of Messrs Adams for the Earl of Sherburne. Pearl, picked out with dead white (four or five coats).
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In 1749 the peripatetic engraver and publisher Matthias Darly (c.1721 -1780) - was briefly in Duke's Court, St Martin's Lane (Worms
and Baynton-Williams). Darly worked with Chippendale on his director. More on Darly to come...
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The Sign of the Cricket Bat.
JT Smith in Nollekens and his Times pub. 1828 mentions Boydell selling prints at the Sign of the Cricket Bat in Duke's Court.
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William Forster's Music Shop.
c. 1783. Forster's Music Shop was on the North corner of Dukes Court and St Martin's Lane. 133 St Martin's Lane (see Horwoods Map above).
William Forster, (1713 - 1801) "old Forster", Noted Violin Maker. Came to London from Brampton, Cumberland in about 1759.
His son William (1739 - 1807) was also a noted violin maker.
They published Haydns works with sole publishing rights purchased from Haydn between 1781 - 88.
see also -
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1870-1008-2273
He is described in papers at Burghley as Violin and Violincello maker to his Royal Highness The Duke of Cumberland.
Forster worked initially for Beck's Music shop on Tower Hill.
In 1762 he was at 33 St Martin's Lane.
......It appears that Forster Snr was labelling violins made in St Martin's Lane in 1762
For interesting notes on the Forster family properties which were insured with Sun Insurance see
https://galpinsociety.org/index_htm_files/GS_Whitehead&Nex_E_to_I.pdf
May, 1767. William Forster his apartments at Spinster Rogers in St Martin's Lane, nr New Street. £100.
September 1768. St Martin's Lane, Remov’d to his Dwelling \ House Brick in Dukes Court, St Martins Lane.
May 1773, St Martins Lane, Remov’d to his Dwelling \ House Brick in Dukes Court St Martins Lane On his household Goods in his now \ dwelling house only Brick situate as aforesaid \ not exceeding Ninety Eight Pounds \Printed Books therein only not exceeding Two pound \Utensils Stock & Goods in trust therein only not \ exceeding Three hundred & fifty Pounds \[Wearing] Apparel therein only not exceeding Fifty Pounds \ ............... £500.
20 July 1776, William Forster of the Corner \ of Dukes Court in St Martins Lane Musical Instrument Maker \ On his household Goods in his now dwelling house only brick \ & timber situate as aforesaid not exceeding Fifty pounds \Printed Books therein only not exceeding Five pounds \Utensils Stock & Goods in trust therein only not exceeding \ Four hundred & Sixty two pounds \
Wearing Apparel therein only not exceeding Sixty pounds \Plate
therein only not exceeding Three pounds \Glass & China therein only not
exceeding Twenty pounds \……………… £600.
In 1784 his address is given as 348, Strand. near Exeter Change.
Available on line - The History of the Violin and Other Instruments Played on with the Bow from ...By William Sandys, Simon Andrew Forster. pub 1864.
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Print Seller A. Davy, Duke's Court
In 1777 an en engraving of Garrick as Abel Drugger after Zoffany etc...... was sold by A Davy.
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Dury, Andrew. Andrew Dury, from Mr. Rocque's, geographer, in
the Strand, gives notice to the subscribers to his small atlas, that he has
open'd shop in Duke's Court, near St. Martin's Church ... (Daily Advertiser 19
Dec 1760)
James Watt (1736 - 1819) wrote to Matthew Boulton in Birmingham – London 7th March 1775.
"I have decamped from the Hotel and taken Lodgings in Duke's Court, St Martin’s lane at a Mr Macullocks - at 14/6 week, two rooms & a
Closet".
For Kenneth Macullock (otherwise McCullock), Instrument Maker of Duke's Court see -
https://kirkmichael.info/McCullochTheMechanician.html
Macullock "to remove from his former lodgings to a fine airy house in Duke’s Court, opposite St. Martin’s Church, for which he had engaged, he said, to pay a rent of forty-two pounds per annum, a very considerable sum nearly sixty years ago. Further, he had entered into an advantageous contract with Catherine of Russia, for furnishing all the philosophical instruments of a new college then erecting in Petersburgh – a contract which promised to secure about two years’ profitable employment to himself and seven workmen. In the ten years which intervened between the dates of his two letters, Kenneth M’Culloch had become one of the most skilful and inventive mechanicians of London"
In 1777 he was in partnership with William Fraser.
He had moved to the Minories in the City by 1789.
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Andrew Dury (d.1777, fl. circa 1760-1777). at The Indian Queen, Dukes Court.
A prolific British map and print seller and publisher who lived and worked from
Duke's Court, West side of St. Martin's Lane in London. He was a very
accomplished mapmaker but not perhaps as successful as contemporaries such as Thomas
Jefferys or Jefferys' successor William Faden (1711 - 83) who had premises on the corner of St Martin's Lane and Charing Cross.
Amongst many maps Dury's name is associated with Rennell's large
Indian maps. Dury was also responsible for Revolutionary War era plans of
Boston and Philadelphia, as well as a series of maps related to the
Russo-Turkish War of 1768-74.
He produced large scale maps of county maps of Hertfordshire in 1766 (with J. Andrews and W. Faden (snr), and Middlesex (Twenty Five miles around London on 20 sheets in 1777).
We will meet Thomas Jefferys and the son of William Faden also William(1749 - 1836) again.
He published a pocket atlas of the World circa 1761
- The New General and Universal Atlas.
Pub and printed a small map of London by John Roque in 1769.
There are several engravings pub by Dury in the BM.
https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_Banks-67-59
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Erasmus King's Experimental Room for Natural Philosophy, Duke's Court.
Erasmus King d.1760.
The Experimental Room and Philosophical Museum was on the first floor at Duke's Court - his wife had her chamber and lace warehouse below.
Angerstein started to attend the physical lectures of
Erasmus King. King was the most prolific public lecturer
in 1750s London, and he held lectures in experimental philosophy in his house
at Duke’s Court near the Mews.28 He held both private lectures for “Gentlemen
or Ladies” in his “Experimental Room in Duke’s Court” as well as public
lectures “where all Persons are admitted” for a fee of 6 pence per lecture.
Angerstein’s diary from the early 1750s corresponds remarkably well with King’s
catalogue of experiments form the early 40s, which described similar
experiments with magnetism and air pumps. us,
Angerstein seems to have followed a fairly standardised series of lectures that
King had been giving for a long time.29 After a couple of weeks of attending
the lectures, Angerstein moved to King’s household at Duke’s Court. For the
Swedish mining ocial,
attending public lectures seems to have
been a way to learn whether Mr King’s house was a space where useful knowledge
could be gained. After he had been convinced by King’s display, the next step
was to lodge with the lecturer in order to acquire knowledge that was not
communicated through lectures alone. Angerstein continued to attend the
lectures, but also made experiments of his own in King’s house.
see
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For much more on Erasmus King and his contemporary Natural Philosophers see -
BJHS, 1990, 23, 411-434 - Lectures on natural philosophy in London, 1750-1765: S. C. T. Demainbray (1710-1782) and the 'Inattention' of his countrymen
by A. Q. MORTON
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Roger Payne, bookbinder, Duke's Court, 1739 - 1797.
During the latter part of his life, Roger Payne was the victim of poverty and disease. He closed his
earthly career at his residence in Duke’s Court on Nov. 20, 1787, and was
interred in the burial-ground of St. Martin’s-in-the-Fields, at the expense of
his worthy patron, Mr. Thomas Payne.
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Patrick Begbie, Engraver, fl. 1770 - 80..
8 Duke's Court, St Martin's Lane.
Engraved for the Adam Brothers amongst others.
Copper plate engraver, 1773-4 in Edinburgh, from 1776 onwards in London.
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Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 54,
No. 1 (Jan., 2000), pp. 33-45.
Went from Scotland to London in May 1743. In 1756 he resided in the Strand.
1757, he sold his globe-making business to the scientific instrument-maker, Benjamin Martin.
Smith Engraver at 17 and later at 13 Dukes Court - 1790's.
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John Manson, Book Seller, at 5 Dukes Court. 1788 - 91.
Formerly King St. Westminster 1786.
2 Maiden Lane.
The Mall in 1799.
Later 10, Gerard St, Soho.
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The Dukes Court South Front of St Martin's Workhouse, 1871.
Ordinance Survey Map of 1871.
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Some news cuttings
Friday 28 April 1738. Daily Post.
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Friday 26 December 1766.
Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser.
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The Coffee House in Dukes Court.
Tom's?
Friday 17 July 1767.
Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser.
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Friday 12 January 1777.
Gazetteer and New Daily Advertiser.
With an interesting reference to the Coach way in Castle Street at the West end of Dukes Court.
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from
https://bookhistory.blogspot.com/2007/01/london-1775-1800-s.html
SCHNEBBELIE, Jacob, engraver, 25, Park Street 1786-88; 7,
Poland Street 1790-91. B. 30 Aug. 1760, Duke's Court, St. Martin's Lane; d. 21
Feb. 1792, Poland Street. Pupil of Paul Sandby or self-taught. At first
continued in father's trade as confectioner. Later drawing master. Illustrated
many topographical and archaeological works. Mastered art of aquatint 1791.
Began Antiquities museum, four numbers a year. Died after completing third
number. He had been ill six weeks with fever and left a young wife and family.
The work was continued to 13 numbers by Gough and Nichols for the benefit of
the family, being terminated in 1800. Exhibited Royal Academy 1786-91.
Draughtsman to Society of Antiquaries. Son Robert Blemmell also draughtsman and
engraver. Imprint(s): Abbey: 1791: AS1. DNB; Thieme and Becker; Nichols vi,
321-22, 636; Graves; Musgrave.
STANFIELD, W., stationer and bookbinder, 4, Duke's Court,
St. Martin's Lane 1798? See also Sandford, William. Ramsden.
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R A T LEY Ratlev is recorded as a ‘curiosity- dealer’ trading from Duke’s Court, St Martin’s Lane, London, during the 1820s and 1 830s. ‘The stock of the late M r Ratley, curiosity' dealer’, including ‘a Neyv Zealanders Head, tattooed’, yvas sold at auction by Messrs Thomas & Stevens, King St
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