(Post in Preparation).
Fire at the Property of Daniel Bell between St Martin's Lane and Rose Street.
12 October 1728.
Including a few notes on Rose Street formerly White Rose and Red Rose Street, Conduit Court, Lazenby Court and the area on the corner of St Martin's Lane and Longacre and Great Newport St.
This post presents a useful opportunity to have a closer look at the courts at the Northern end of St Martin's Lane's East side, including the locations of the workshops and dwelling houses of Messrs. Harache, Cobb and Vile, Chippendale and Roubiliac in the mid 18th century and the Stone Masons Yard of Nicholas Stone in the 17th Century.
https://bifmo.furniturehistorysociety.org/entry/bell-daniel-1724-34
The Fire -13 October 1728.
A violent fire broke out at a Currier's in Rose Street, an Alley running South at the West end of Longacre, which consumed the house of Cabinet Maker Daniel Bell and 3 others … "& Mr. Bell, an eminent cabinet maker's house that lay backward towards St. Martin's Lane, with the workhouses belonging thereunto, and a great quantity of valuable foreign wood lying in his yard for carrying on his business at which he employed several scores of people every day, so that this loss alone is reckoned to amount to some thousands of Pounds".
The Daily Journal of 15 October 1728 however, reported that the fire started at Mr Negus's, a Leather Dresser's in Rose St, and consumed nine houses, Mr Bell, away in Brompton at the time, proving ‘the greatest sufferer’.
Fortunately Daniel Bell had taken out a Sun Insurance policy on 11 May 1728 for £1,800 on his dwellings, stock in trade and merchandise.
Clip from the Ipswich Journal. 12 October 1728.
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Clip from the Daily Journal, 16 October 1728.
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Clip from The Daily Post - Ist November 1728.
October 1728 that “On
Sunday Morning at Two o’Clock, a violent Fire broke out at a Currier’s in
Rose-Street near Lang-Acre, which consumed his House and three others, among
them a Charcoal Man’s House, in which we hear were some Hundred Pounds worth of
Charcoal, and Mr. Bell an eminent Cabinetmakers’ House that lay backward
towards St. martin’s Lane, with the Workhouses belonging thereunto, and a great
Quantity of valuable Foreign Wood lying in his Yard for carrying on his
business at which he employed several Scores of People every Day, so that his
Loss alone is reckon’d to amount to some Thousands of Pounds: Mr. Bell had the
Misfortune to break his Leg into Splinters, and was then in the Country
dangerously ill.” (Weekly Journal, or British Gazetteer October 13, 1728).
Geoffrey Beard and Christopher Gilbert, in the Dictionary of English Furniture Makers (1660-1840), records: Daniel Bell 'St Martin's Lane, London, cabinet maker 1724-1734, ...recorded in partnership with Thomas Moore as early as 1724 when the firm supplied goods to Benjamin Mildmay, Earl Fitzwalter for Moulsham Hall, Essex between 1724-34.
For the furniture to Earl Fitzwalter at Moulsham Hall. see [DEF; Old Furniture, vol. 4, 1928, pp. 48–53.
Thomas Moore is recorded as 'London, cabinetmaker 1734 - d. 1738...at St Martin's Lane.
The younger James Moore, son of the Royal cabinetmaker, died in 1734,
and it seems probably that Thomas was a member of the family who at that date
or earlier had entered into partnership with Daniel Bell.'
In partnership with
Daniel Bell, Thomas Moore supplied ‘The Honourable Counsellor Rider’ with a quantity
of furniture in May and June 1734. These bills are receipted: ‘Daniel Bell and
Self, Thos. Moore’; but the bills for further consignments from 31 October to
18 December of that year are receipted by Moore only.
In 1755, Daniel
Bell was still in the same location, just south of Long Acre. He appears in the
Rate Book next door to "Lewis Francis Roubiliac," between New Street
and Castle Court, five names down from Thomas Chippendale’s three houses.
Key to the Courts off St Martin's Lane.
The Morgan's map of London in 1682 lists '143 Cross keys
Inne' in St Martins lane, '144 Kings arms Inne' in St Martins lane and
Bedfordbury, and also '139 King head Inne', which is in Long Acre.'
Inscription content: Inscribed on mount: "Room in a
House Rose Street, Covent Garden, formerly occupied by Samuel Butler d. 1680, author of
Hudibras - Drawn 1853."
Nicholas Stone, sculptor, architect and mason. His house—rented from the Crown at £10 a year—must have been a large one, as Vertue mentions that John Stone, the author of Enchiridion, was hidden in it for "above a twelvemonth, without the knowledge of his father."6 Another son, Henry, best known as "Old Stone," was described on his monument in St. Martin's Church as "of Long Acre.
Caius Gabriel Cibber (1630–1700), sculptor, the son of a cabinet-maker to Frederick III, the Danish king. He arrived in England around 1655, and became journeyman and then foreman to John Stone, John Stone, son of the late master mason to Charles I.
When Stone suffered a seizure in 1660, Cibber ran his workshop in Long Acre. He became sculptor to Charles II on 20 June 1667. With his wife Jane Colley (c.1646–1697) of Glaston in Rutland, Cibber had three children: poet laureate and playwright Colley Cibber (1671–1757), Veronica, and Lewis.
Among other works, Cibber is known for his figures of Melancholy Madness and Raving Madness (1680) which adorned the gateway in front of Bethlehem Hospital.
In 1635 and 1636 the fourth Earl of Bedford granted in fee farm several sites between Long Acre and Hart Street later renamed Floral Street (so far as can be judged, excluding those on which building had taken place recently) and thus abrogated control over their subsequent development.
One such
development attracted the attention of the Privy Council in 1638 and was
referred to Inigo Jones. The property concerned was the 'handsomely plainted'
garden between Long Acre and New Street (now New Row).
After being granted in fee farm
in 1635 it had changed hands and been parcelled out. Several persons were
concerned (including Richard Harris, a Covent Garden chapelwarden, and Nicholas
Stone, master mason of the King's Works) but John Ward, citizen and girdler,
was singled out by the Privy Council. According to Inigo Jones, Ward had
designed to make a communication from Long Acre towards Covent Garden by means
of an alley about 9 feet wide extending south (to be called White Rose Street),
which was to open into a second alley extending east, about 18 feet wide (to be
called Red Rose Street), and, if possible, to continue the second alley
southwards over ground which did not belong to him.
Jones thought that Ward would not
be able to buy the land which he needed, and complained about 'the pestering of
such places with Allyes of meane houses having but one way into them, and no
other to goe out', and the Privy Council, 'disliking the desine', ordered Ward
'to disist'. (fn. 26) However, the northern and east-west arms of what is now
Rose Street had already been built, and were allowed to remain.
The scheme was finally completed
in 1640, by Richard Harris, who had bought the land he needed from Ward in the
previous year. Harris's development required the collusion of the Earl of
Bedford, who 'did condiscend' that Harris should build the southern arm of Rose
Street to connect with the recently opened New Street. It evidently proved an
ill speculation for Harris, who in 1647 was complaining that he had entered
into it 'most unfortunately … with two Thousand pounds Losse, to the utter
ruyne and undoeing of [him], his wife and Children'. (fn. 29) The contorted
remains of Rose Street still survive as a monument to speculators' folly, and
the ineptness of Charles I's Privy Council.
King-street, a handsome large
Street, with well built and inhabited Houses, especially on the North Side. At
the upper End of this Street is White Rose-street, which turns into Red
Rose-street, and that into another called White Rose street, which hath an
Entrance into Long Acre. Of these Rose-streets, the first is White Rose street,
which, with about half of Red Rose-street, is in this Parish: The other Part is
in St. Martin's Parish. This Street is indifferent well built and inhabited,
especially White Rose-street.
Strype - St Martin's Lane.
Then beyond New-street, near the turning into Long Acre, is Castle Court, which is but small and ordinary; and
near unto this is the Cross Keys Inn, which is large, and of a good Resort.
William Hallet (1707 - 81). His premises were on the corner of St Martin's Lane and Longacre from 1752, the building having previously been occupied from 1740 by Thomas Harrache Jeweller, Goldsmith and Toyman (Harache was the sole executor of the will of Roubiliac).
Thomas Harrache (1717 - 85) in 1751 moved West to the Golden Ball and Pearl, in Pall Mall.
The Roubiliac bank account records with Drummonds for the years 1752 to 1757 survives. Huguenot names which recur in the ledgers include 'Mr. Minett, Mr. Andrew Regnier (possibly a relative of Roubiliac's fourth wife), Mr. Timberel and Mr. Harache.
Roubiliac's ledgers show that he paid Mr. Harrache 10 guineas on November 1st, 1753; £20 on March 4th, 1755, and received £20 from Tho. Harrache on May 9th, 1755. On December 10th, 1757, Roubiliac paid his friend a further £20.
North of the entrance to Castle
Court, at the corner of Long Acre on the East side of the North end of St Martin's Lane the cabinetmakers and upholsterers William Vile and John Cobb occupying
conjoined houses that were leased by Vile’s master, the cabinetmaker William
Hallett, which had previously been the shop and house of the first-generation
Huguenot goldsmith and “toyman” Thomas Harrache, who operated in St. Martin’s
Lane from 1740 until 1751 when he departed for Pall Mall
Litchfield and Graham took over the premises until c 1785.
The firm's fire insurance record has been first noted for 1752. (a) ‘… on their Household Goods, Utensils and Stock in Trade, and Goods in Trust in their now Dwelling houses, being Three Houses, Land together and in & over the Warehouses & Workshops, only Communicating with the Same, part Timber, situate as aforeside, not Exceeding Seventeen Hundred Pounds.
On their Glasses therein only, not Exceeding Three Hundred Pounds. On their Stock in their Yard only, belonging to the Said Dwelling … (Total £2,600).’ (b) 11 June 1755. Insured for £4,500, Glass £500, Stock in Yard £1,000. Total £6,000 —
A further policy in the same vol. is ref. 147142. Cobb took out insurance on
his household goods in the house he had ‘over a gateway, leading into the yard
of Messrs Vile & Co in St Martin's Lane’ in 1755.
Together with the sculptor (John or Henry) Cheere, Sir
William Chambers, James Paine and Ince & Mayhew, Vile & Cobb were
directors of the Westminster Fire Office (on the East side of St Martin's Lane).
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Artificial Stone at Glastonbury Court, Long Acre, 1767.
Glastonbury Court ran between Rose Street and Conduit Court.
Later replaced by Lazenby Court.
‘The Proprietor of the Artificial Stone Manufactory in Goulston-Square, has now opened a Warehouse at No. 18, the Corner of Glastonbury Court, in Long Acre’ (Daily Ad, 7 July 1767 ).
A ‘Mr Pincot’ was established as a sculptor in the east end
of London by about 1765, for John Bacon RA’s trade card for that period states
that he was working as a ‘Stone-carver and modeller at Mr Pincot’s in
Paternoster Row, Spitalfields’ (BM Banks Coll, 106.2).
In January 1767 Daniel Pincot (who is erroneously listed as ‘Pincat’ in Graves 1907, 199 and Gunnis 1968, 304) advertised that he had set up as an artificial-stone manufacturer in Goulston Square, Whitechapel.
He offered ‘all sorts of rich carved Ornaments used in Buildings, viz. Tablets, Frizes, Medalions, Ionic and Corinthian Capitals, Statues, Bustos, Vases, etc in several Compositions; some resembling Portland Stone, but much harder and more durable, others still more beautiful, approaching nearer to Marble; the Whole executed in a Manner far exceeding any Thing of the like Kind that has hitherto been offered to the Publick’ (Daily Ad, 31 Jan 1767 cited by Valpy 1986, 210).
On 7 July 1767 it was announced that ‘the Proprietor of the Artificial Stone Manufactory in Goulston-Square, has now opened a Warehouse at No. 18, the Corner of Glastonbury Court, in Long Acre’ (Daily Ad, 7 July 1767 cited by Valpy 1986, 210). This may not have been Daniel Pincot, for by October 1767 George Davy had taken over the Goulston Square premises and Pincot was trading from Narrow Wall, Lambeth. In the same year Pincot exhibited an ‘antique basso-relievo, in artificial stone, unburned’ (2) at the Free Society.
In December 1767 there was a sale at Christie’s of artificial stone produced at
Goulston Square over the last year, presumably by both Pincot and Davy.
Pincot was working with Eleanor Code at Narrow Wall Lambeth by 1769.
Horwood's Map 1799
59, 60, 61, and 62 St Martin's Lane.
At the Sign of the Chair.
Only known trade card below.
The earliest trustworthy evidence of Chippendale's presence in London is his marriage licence for a ceremony at St George's Chapel, Mayfair where "19 May 1748, Thomas Chippendale and Catherine Redshaw of the parish of St Martin-in-the-Fields.
A payment in Lord Burlington's private account book "13 October 1747 to Chippendale
in full £6-16-0d"
The first Chippendale premises noted in 1749 appear to have been in Conduit Court off Long Acre, the next court eastwards from Rose Street, approached from a covered alley between what is now 17 and 18 Long Acre.
In 1752 he was in Somerset Court (later renamed Northumberland Court).Matthias Darly, who engraved most of the plates for Chippendales Director shared the house for several months in 1753.
Press notices soliciting subscriptions give the author's
address as Northumberland Court"
Thomas Chippendale from December 1753 was at The Sign of the Chair" at nos 61 and 62 St Martin's Lane with the workshops behind.
Jamie Rannie was Thomas Chippendale's first partner and put
up capital to finance an expansion of the business following publication of the
Director in 1754. They signed a joint lease on the spacious premises in St Martin's
Lane in August 1754 and issued a trade card [Westminster City Libraries] see above about
this time.
Chippendale is shown by the rate books to have occupied or used the first house on the west side of Somerset (Northumberland) Court to the East of Northumberland House, Strand from Midsummer, 1752, until Lady Day, 1753. Matthias Darley the engraver lived at the same address.
See - https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol20/pt3/pp115-122
Another Fire in St Martin's Lane.
Chippendales Premises in- April 1755.
The Newspaper reports about fires, given Mr Bells experience was a hazard in furniture workshops, provide insight into the number of journeymen and material located there.
A report in the Gentleman's Magazine in April 1755, which has been cited many times in relation to scholarly research about Chippendale, reported that 'the chests of 22 workmen' had been consumed by the fire. It is the only known reference to the number of workmen in Chippendale's workshop.
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Public Advertiser 18 March 1766.
Death of Rannie and the subsequent auction.
Plan of Thomas Chippendale's Jr's premises on the East side of St Martin's Lane, 1803.
Taken from a Sun insurance policy.
In 1787 Haig and Chippendale were at 60 St Martin's Lane.
The Roubiliac residence and workshop / studio from 1740 until 1762 when he died was next door at no. 63.
The premises were taken over after his death by his assistant Nicholas Read.
Roubiliac's Home, Studio Workshop.
63, St Martins Lane.
At Xmas 1740 (see ref to Esdaile above) Roubiliac moved from Peter's Court on the west side of St Martins Lane to what became 63 St Martin's Lane on the East side and remained there until he died in 1762.
JT Smith in Nollekens and his Times states that his house and studio were "approached by a long passage and gateway".
Some thoughts on the Earlier Roubiliac Premises.
It has always been assumed that Roubiliac's studio prior to his move to 63 St Martins Lane was in the old Presbyterian Meeting House in Peters Court between St Martin's Lane and Hemmings (Hemings) Row but given that if one accepts that the St Martin's Lane Academy was in based in this building from 1735 it seems unlikely that a sculptors workshop with the dust and noise would be in the same building - the drawings of the Academy show a large room with a brick floor.
It is possible that Roubiliac lived at Peters Court but worked elsewhere - moving the life size statue of the seated Handel (now V and A) from St Martin's Lane to Vauxhall doesn't seem to me to make much sense - perhaps it was made at Vauxhall. It is possible that Roubiliac was peripatetic working as a sub contractor in the premises of Thomas Carter, Henry Cheere and John Cheere.
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John Trotter at Roubiliac's Premises.
In 1747 John Trotter upholder and cabinet maker took out a Sun insurance policy on the contents of his apartments and timber workshops over the Roubiliac studio.
Trotter, John, ‘at Mr. Roubiliac Statuary on the East side of St. Martin's Lane in the Parish of St. Martin in the Fields’, London, upholder and cm (1746/47). Took out a Sun Insurance policy on 13 January 1746/47 for £300 on household goods and stock in trade in his apartments; and £400 on utensils and stock in his three timber workshops, partly over Roubiliac's workshop and partly over yard. [GL, Sun MS vol. 79, ref. 107286]
https://www.british-history.ac.uk/no-series/dict-english-furniture-makers/t
This must be the very successful John Trotter (c.1713 - 99), Cabinet maker to George II whose business was at 43 Frith Street, Soho. from 1748 - 99. Liveryman in the Joiners Company - originally came from Scotland.
Trotter was a subscriber To Chippendale's Gentleman's.. Cabinet Maker, 1754.
Bought Horton Place near Epsom in 1768.
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John and Coutts Trotter.
The Salisbury and Winchester Journal from 29 June 1752 reported:- ‘A few days since was married at Mordaunt [sic] College, Black-Heath, Mr John Trotter, an eminent Cabinetmaker and Upholder, in Frith Street, St Ann’s, Soho, to Miss Betts, an agreeable young lady with a Fortune of Five Thousand Pounds’
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Roubiliac's assistant Nicholas Read (d. 11 July 1787 in the house at St Martin's Lane) took over the premises after the death of Roubiliac in 1762.
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63 St Martin's Lane.
https://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol20/pt3/pp115-122
No. 67.—This building (probably the workshop /studio of Roubiliac) is sited in a courtyard off the east side of St. Martin's Lane, behind No. 63, and is three-storeyed, of brick and timber construction. The ground floor has been adapted and remodelled as offices. The walls are of brick of modern work. The two upper floors appear to retain their original framing and fenestrations, and are now used as studios and workshops, by a firm of stage designers. They are timber framed, plastered on the exterior, with the roof tiled.
They were occupied in 1789–93 by Anne Tapp, who was succeeded by Francis Tapp (1794–1803), John Vernon (1804) and Alexander Copland (1805–13). The latter is described as a "builder" in Holden's Trade Directory for 1805–07.
The following
addresses probably all refer to the same premises, Hartshorn Lane was renamed
Northumberland Street in 1760:
at the Bee-hive near
St. Martin's Lane in the Strand (1757).
see - https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1868-0808-4096
at rhe Bee-hive,
opposite Hartshorn Lane in the Strand (1759)
at the Bee-Hive
opposite Northumberland-Street, Strand (1762-66)
at the Bee-Hive
opposite Northumberland House, Strand (1762)
On the corner of Hudson's
Court, Strand near St Martin's Lane, Strand, London (print sold in 1781).
This is the first court East of St Martin's Lane on the North side of the Strand. (see Roques Map).
Info above from the BM.
Scale: 1 : 852
Description: This plan was ordered by the House of Commons
and is titled in the top right border ''FIRST REPORT ON METROPOLIS IMPROVEMENTS
- 1840''. It shows the extension of Longacre into Leicester Square, beyond to
Princes Street and the widening of Upper St Martin's Lane. The areas coloured
pink are those that need to be destroyed to make way for the improvements.
A useful plan which shows the individual houses in Cranbourne Street, Great Newport St, the North West Corner of St Martin's Lane (74 - 78), the North side of St Martin's Court and the three individual houses in Little Court the homes of John Gwynn (d.1786) and Samuel Wale behind the house of James Paine -
The Craftsman, 24 July 1742: ‘This is to give Notice, that
Furbur's Collection of Twelve Monthly Flower Prints are now reprinted, and to
prevent the Public being imposed upon, by spurious Copies sold about Town, the
original Prints are Sixteen inches and a Quarter by Twelve, with a Handsome
Title Plate of the Subscriber's Names, and under each Plate is engrav'd these
words, From the Collection of Robert Furbur, Gardener at Kensington, design'd
by P. Cassteels, and engrav'd by H. Fletcher; and now sold colour'd for Two
Guineas a Set by Samuel Sympson, Engraver and Print Seller, in Maiden-Lane,
Covent Garden; John Channon, Cabinet maker and Frame Maker, in St Martin's Lane
and George Lacy who colours the said Flowers, in Red Lion Court, Long-Acre. NB
At the above Places are sold Mr. Furbur's Collection of Fruit Pieces’.
Arundel Street, the
next turning down the King's Arms Tavern, next door to the White Lion (in 1690).
The corner house of
Banbury Court in Long Acre, London (from at least 1707 until his death).
Nicholas Stone, sculptor, architect and mason. His
house—rented from the Crown at £10 a year—must have been a large one, as Vertue
mentions that John Stone, the author of Enchiridion, was hidden in it for
"above a twelvemonth, without the knowledge of his father."6 Another
son, Henry, best known as "Old Stone," was described on his monument
in St. Martin's Church as "of Long Acre.
Caius Gabriel Cibber (1630–1700), sculptor, the son of a cabinet-maker to Frederick III, the Danish king. He arrived in England around 1655, and became journeyman and then foreman to John Stone, John Stone, son of the late master mason to Charles I.
When Stone suffered a seizure in 1660, Cibber ran his workshop in Long Acre. He became sculptor to Charles II on 20 June 1667. With his wife Jane Colley (c.1646–1697) of Glaston in Rutland, Cibber had three children: poet laureate and playwright Colley Cibber (1671–1757), Veronica, and Lewis.
Among other works, Cibber is known for his figures of
Melancholy Madness and Raving Madness (1680) which adorned the gateway in front
of Bethlehem Hospital.
