Monday, 21 September 2026

Busts on Chimneypieces from the Drawing Matters website.

 



Two interesting drawing from the Drawings Matter website.

attributed to Joseph Sanderson.

https://drawingmattercollections.com/asset/9222

An interesting website but gives no hint as to the source of these two drawings.

Almost certainly from the group of drawings from the Shoppee Collection sold by Christie's (disassembled) on 19 December 1989, lots 37 to 53.

Charles John Shoppee collected between 1850 and 1880,  Many drawings are by Joseph Sanderson 

Joseph Sanderson  - A Brief Biog from the V and A website and other sources -

John Sanderson, who died in 1774, and Joseph Sanderson, who died in 1747, were sometime partners in building. John may have been the dominant partner, having designed a grand Palladian house for the third Duke of Bedford at Stratton Park, Hampshire, as early as 1731.2 

As for the family relationship, Joseph referred to 'my cozen' John in 1745, and bequeathed to him 'my gold ring of Inigo Jones's head and a small book of my own drawings of the five Orders ... as a token of our former friend.

Joseph Sanderson and his cousin, John Sanderson (d. 1774) were partners in building, and there is a possible connection between the designs and Barrington Hall, Essex where they worked. 

John Shales Barrington, who succeeded to the Barrington estate in 1734, soon afterwards built a new Barrington Hall, 1 km. north of the church, and enclosed it in a park. 

It is probable that the architect was John Sanderson (d. 1774), and the builder his cousin Joseph Sanderson (d. 1747). The main three-storeyed block of the house measured 110 ft. by 60 ft. and had a principal front to the south of nine bays, with a Corinthian portico from which a perron staircase descended on each side to the basement floor. The walls were of red brick, the architraves and embellishments of limestone ashlar. The ancillary buildings were concentrated in a lower wing on the east side of the house. 

The interior was fitted with carved fireplaces of stone and marble, one of which is said to have cost £700, richly moulded plasterwork, and mahogany doors. Henry Cheere, the sculptor, provided a stone staircase and a for both of which ironwork was supplied by John Wagg, the black smith.

The Shoppee album contained elevations for Barrington Hall by Joseph Sanderson. The house was built for J. S. Barrington about 1740 and subsequently abandoned. Much of the furniture ended up with an unrelated family at Bradfield Hall, Berkshire. 

Amongst the furniture sold from Bradfield was a pair of giltwood pier glasses, now at the Treasurer's House, York. The pair of pier glasses is somewhat comparable to the designs.

John Harris notes in his article, the connection between John Linnell and John Sanderson 'an architect whose practice extends from 1731 to 1770, when he finished the Radcliffe Infirmary after he death of Seth Leadbetter in 1766.'

Chimneypiece with bust.

They say Chimneypiece with a bust of Pope - this is definitely not a bust of Pope!

Interestingly it has the socle with convex panel typical of the works of John Cheere.




The Chimneypiece with bust of Rubens by Michael Rysbrack.

Drawing attributed to Joseph Sanderson.

Here the bust is stated as Shakespeare but it much more closely resembles the Bust of Rubens by Rysbrack.

The terracotta is in the National Gallery of Victoria, Australia, the Marble is at Hagley Hall.
As far as I know there are no plaster versions.

See my post -





Bust of Peter Paul Rubens.

Michael Rysbrack.
 
Terracotta.

1743.

National Gallery of Victoria, Australia.

The Marble is at Hagley Hall paired with a bust of Van Dyck.




.....................................


Drawings of Pier Glasses by Joseph Sanderson (c.1690-1747) at the V & A.


This group of ten designs for pier glasses was formerly contained in a bound album of drawings, by different designers, assembled by Charles John Shoppee (1823 - 1898), the architect, between 1850 and 1880. 

It had been disbound and the drawings separated and sold previously by Christie's on 19 December 1989, lots 37 to 53. The frames lots 43 and 44.

Sold again by Christie's 10 March 2005.

https://www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-4448936


A group of ten designs for pedimented Pier-Glasses

seven signed with initials 'J.S.' (lower left)

five pencil, pen and grey ink with brown wash, three pencil, pen and grey ink and grey wash, one with fragmented watermark


https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O125046/design-sanderson-joseph/


See - Harris, John. A Digression on John Sanderson and the Rococo. Furniture History. 1990, 26, pp.101-113.













































.................

Joseph Sanderson at Garendon Park. Leicestershire. 

Info below from


The follies at Garendon Park, hide behind a blanket of unknowns, and what information that does exist is thin on the ground. 

From letters to Leak Okeover (of Okeover Hall in Staffs) it appears that in 1745 Joseph Sanderson (a carpenter and joiner by trade) was working at Garendon Park, and a design for a triumphal arch that may be connected with the one there was among drawings sold at Christie's in December 1989.  It is generally accepted that it was designed by the owner of Garendon himself, Ambrose Phillips, along with several other buildings on the estate.

Philips travelled extensively in Italy, making drawings of Roman antiquities, and was one of the original members of the Society of Dilettanti. 

The Triumphal Arch is modelled on the Arch of Titus in Rome, of which only the central portion then remained, embedded in mediæval fortifications.

Philips, therefore, was a serious student of Roman architecture as the Garendon arch is effectively an essay in archæological reconstruction, presumably built sometime between 1729 and his death in 1739.

.....................



Two further Chimneypieces from an Album in the V and A.

attributed to John Linnell.

The socle of the bust appears to be a combination of the late Roubiliac type and the convex panelled front type usually employed by John Cheere on his plaster busts which suggests the creator was familiar with the procucts of both studios.







The socle of the bust appears to be a combination of the late Roubiliac type and the convex panelled front type usually employed by John Cheere on his plaster busts.




................

The South Front of Barrington drawing by Joseph Sanderson.
the date is unclear - 1740?

John Shales Barrington, who succeeded to the estate in 1734 had the new house constructed.

When the house was well advanced John Shales Barrington 'on some dispute about tithes … or … on a matrimonial disappointment … gave up the design and retired to a house at Waltham Cross, where he passed a long life in obscurity.'

The house was never completed in his lifetime.

The interior was fitted with carved fireplaces of stone and marble, one of which is said to have cost £700, richly moulded plasterwork, and mahogany doors. 

Henry Cheere, provided a stone staircase and a marble table, for both of which ironwork was supplied by John Wagg the smith.







Some more notes on the Artificial Stone Industry in London prior to the takeover of Daniel Pincot's Manufactory in 1769 /1770.

 

A complicated subject - the idea here is to pull the various strands of research together - it can, at this stage only be a series of notes and links. A work in progress.

Literature -

Batty Langley's Early Years in London, 1729-35: Langley, Hans Sloane and Artificial Stone.

ChristineMcaleavy  Garden History, Vol. 44, No. 2 (WINTER 2016), pp. 191-208 (18 pages).

Available on line via https://www.jstor.org/stable/44987901


The English Ceramic Circle Transactions of 1986, Vol. 12 part 3. This is the most important source for references to the early production of Artificial Stone by Holt, Batty langley and Daniel Pincot - not available on line - I will provide the salient points of this essay.

...................


Both Mrs Valpy asnd Alison Kelly appear not to be aware of the Artificial Stone made by Thomas Manning and enlarged upon here.

It may be coincidence but Batty Langley was living at the home of a Mr Manning at Leather Lane in 1727.


In the midst of his prolific book writing, Langley decided that he needed a patron. He recognised that Sir Hans Sloane, the royal physician and collector, was a potential source of support. The first surviving letter from Langley to Sloane was written on 12 May 1727,

Langley's address being given as lodgings with a 'Mr Manning, a Broker at the end of Leather Lane in Holbourn'. In the letter Langley asked for sponsorship of a new gardening book, emphasizing his patriotic credentials which set him apart from other gardening writers.




...................

Thomas Manning and Artificial Stone.

https://bathartandarchitecture.blogspot.com/2025/06/the-lead-original-from-parham-park-in.html

Thomas Manning d. 1747. not to be confused with the several other members of the extensive Manning family of masons and sculptors.

'Thomas Manning' who is described in John Nost I's will of 1710 as 'my manservant,' and was left a suit of apparel (LMA AM/FW 1710/89).

It is likely that he learned his craft as an assistant to van Nost.

His earliest recorded works date from 1720 and were sent, at a cost of £l 17s, by 'Waggon and car' to Gough Park, Enfield  - they were Fame, Mercury £12 guineas and Neptune £21 also two boars £8 8s.and two large vases £25 presumably of lead (Davis).

Richard Gough, the antiquary was the most eminent person to live at Gough Park, a house his father Harry had bought in 1719. The house at Gough Park was demolished shortly after 1900 and a planned replacement building never built. Some of the brickwork from the site was salvaged by E.A. Bowles, the famous botanist and plantsman, and taken to Myddelton House. These included part of a pillar and some other unidentified stonework and were placed in the garden. Two lead ostriches that were originally on the roof of Gough Park overlooking the garden at the rear of the house were also taken to Myddleton House. Also two lead boars that were originally displayed on pillars at the entrance to the house, but they have since been stolen. Some original wrought ironwork forming part of the boundary wall still remains at Gough Park.

 

In 1729 Manning moved into a property in Portugal Row next door to Catherine Nost which was, from 1734, next door to the sculpture workshops of Thomas Carter I. His premises were initially rated at £8, but his business must have expanded by 1737, when he had two properties in the street, rated at £10 and £12.

In 1734 Samuel Carter moved into a yard next door rated at £12 annually on Portugal Row,  previously occupied by Catherine Nost (check this!). The Carter workshop stood here for over fifty years. His immediate neighbour was Thomas Manning.

 He appears to have taken over the second premises from Andrew Carpenter, who died that year. By 1744 he had taken over another property, with tenants, in the street, renamed White Horse Street in 1737.

 In 1735 Manning supplied a statue of Britannia to the London Assurance Company of King William Street in Westminster, one of the earliest recorded works in artificial stone? produced in this country.

This statue of Britannia has disappeared but it is tempting to suggest that the Sotheby's  River God illustrated here is also a product of Manning in "artificial Stone".

 

Manning stood as a character witness in the trial of Mary Johnson, otherwise Sudley, otherwise Barker, on 5 December 1746, who was accused of the theft of a gold ring from a William Archer.

 Manning described himself as a 'Master Statuary of "Hide - Park" and testified that the defendant had 'lived in two houses of mine for these two years'. The properties were in 'White-horse street, just as you go down the hill' (POB 1674—1834, ref t17461205-24).

 

Manning died in 1747. An obituary describes him as 'an ingenious statuary near Hyde Park Corner' - Gentleman's Magazine 1747, 545).

 

 

In his will, PROB 11/758/131 proved on 19 November 1747, he left his stock in trade, utensils, chattels, books, plate and his house on the corner of White Horse Street to his wife Mary.

 Another 'little house' in White Horse Street was left jointly to his wife Mary and his mother, Elizabeth, together with the lease of three houses and a stable on the same street.

 

He mentions two brothers, Edward and Arnold, to whom he left the proverbial one shilling and his nephews, Thomas and John Manning (PROB 11/758/6).






The Lead Reclining Statue at Parham Park in Sussex and the Artificial Stone River God originally at Hagley. 

It is very obviously related to the lead river god now at Parham. The figure was brought to Parham by Robert Curzon from Hagley Hall in Staffordshire in the second half of the nineteenth century.

 Here attributed to Thomas Manning (d.1747) of Portugal Row (later Picadilly) and White Horse Street.

The life size terracotta /artificial stone river god was sold by Sotheby's Lot 133. 9 July 1987. Length 180 cms. Current location unknown. - where is it now?

It appears to have been fired in two halves.

Prior to the terracotta River God appearing at Sotheby's, I had seen it in a garden of a house which was being developed in Kingsbury St (East side) Marlborough in 1986.

 I am very grateful to Christopher Mason and Eleanor Goldthorpe of the Sculpture Department at Sotheby's for providing the 1987 Sotheby's Catalogue entry.



The Manning River God at Stourhead


Henry Hoare Ledger 1734-49, 28 January 1743/44, ‘Thos Manning for a River God &c’ £15-15s. Anonymous 1764 (Stourton Gardens 1749), p. 102 -

 ‘For yonder silver god they sigh, they burn, | And pour their tears incessant thro’ his urn; | But cold as lead, and deaf when they complain, | Supine he lies, and they but weep in vain. | See from beneath him (tinctur’d by the sun | With colours radiant) sheets of water run’.

 WSA, 383/907(1), Henry Flitcroft to Henry Hoare, 25 August 1744, ‘My Next shall bring you… the Temple of Ceres with the Rocky Arch in which I propose to place the River God, & a Sketch how I conceive the head of ye lake’;

Henry Flitcroft to Henry Hoare 7 September 1744, ‘I have inclosd to you the Plan & Elevation of ye Temple of Ceres with a Sketch of ye Entablature showing how the Tryglyphs & Metops should be proportioned with the Skuls &c introduced therein… I have also sent a plan & Section for the Manner of Laying the Foundations… a Section of ye inside of this Building shall be soon sent, with particular drawing of ye Doorcase & pedestal Mouldings’. Payments to William Privett which may relate to the Temple of Flora: HH Ledger 1734-49; 27 September 1745, ‘on accot of ye Temple’ £40; 3 November 1746, ‘in full of all Demands’ £28-8s-1d; 30 March 1747, ‘on accot of Buildg’ £30. C. Hoare & Co., HB/5/A/6, Partners’ Ledger 1742-51, HH account, 5 October 1745, ‘His Bill to Willm Privet (Mason)’ £40; 30 December 1745, ‘Willm Privet of Chillmark’s Bill’ £30.



https://bathartandarchitecture.blogspot.com/2025/06/the-lead-original-from-parham-park-in.html





The Sotheby's River God.

Thomas Manning (d.1747).

Terracotta / Artificial Stone.

Fired in two halves - the joint is obvious.







..................

The Other River God at Stourhead.

Presumably cast in lead but it is concievably the Sotheby's - Marlborough terracotta / artificial stone version.

Thomas Manning (d.1747). 

There were two river gods at Stourhead - the one in the grotto which survives by John Cheere and the reclining figure which is missing.

https://drawingmatter.org/the-temple-of-flora-stourhead-a-paradise-revisited/

Henry Flitcroft (1697–1769), elevation, Rocky Arch (the Cascade below the Temple of Flora), Stourhead, c.1744.

 

 

 This is an extract from Stourhead, Henry Hoare's Paradise Revisited by Dudley Dodd pub. 2021.

 

Maybe not the last word on the architecture and sculpture in the garden at Stourhead but the best work on the subject to date - and highly recommended!

 

.........................

 

 The Temple of Flora, Stourhead, Wiltshire, designed by Henry Flitcroft (1697–1769). 1753.

The drawing here attributed to Flitcroft.

Here the pose of the statue is reversed.


The temple presides over springs which provided water to the village. It was designed by Flitcroft, built by William Privett, 1744–5 and first dedicated, by Henry Hoare, to Ceres. [1] Flitcroft’s letters indicate the temple replaced an earlier structure. The Doric portico is limestone from the Chilmark quarry while the temple itself is greensand stone, rendered at the sides and exposed at the rear. The tiled roof was renewed in 1842 and the building restored in 1842 and the building restored in 1894. [2]

 

The story of the temple is complex to unravel. It housed the marble statue of Livia Augusta as Ceres, Roman goddess of agriculture or, in Greek mythology, Demeter, the mother of Persephone and instigator of the Eleusinian mysteries. After Henry moved her to the Pantheon, c.1760, he rededicated the temple to Flora, goddess of fertility and flowers. Above the entrance is inscribed Procul, o procul este profane (Begone, you who are uninitiated), resonating nicely with the Eleusinian mysteries, but this well-known quotation from Virgil is first documented at Stourhead in 1787. [3]

 

Hanway, 1756, described:

 

the temple of Ceres, which is on the side of the water nearest to the village… Eight or ten feet below, level with the water, in the subterraneous grotto, is another figure of the river god.





 Drawing by by C. W. Bampfylde (1720–1791). Pen and colour wash, 280 × 470 mm.

Pen and colour wash, 178 × 315 mm. DMC 1233.

 © The Trustees of the British Museum.









....................

The life size Stone River God from Barrington Hall.

Hatfield Broad Oak, Essex.

Sworders sale 13 November 2025.

From at least the mid-nineteenth century, local sources record the figure “at the overflow of the lake,” confirming its connection to the estate’s waterways (Essex Record Office, Essex Parish History, “Notes on Barrington Hall, Hatfield Broad Oak,” 1970, ref. T/P 446A/1).

It is not impossible that this is the River God from Stourhead.

https://www.sworder.co.uk/auction/lot/lot-125---a-carved-limestone-statue-after-the-antique/?lot=550209&so=0&st=&sto=0&au=1257&ef=&et=&ic=False&sd=1&pp=96&pn=2&g=1





Thursday, 17 September 2026

The Coade Britannia at Devonport.



For Peter Hone.

The Town Hall. Devonport.

put up in 1835.

Modelled by Joseph Panzetta.(fl 1787 - 1830).


 https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=1078420558123004&set=pcb.1078420714789655






































The Liverpool Town Hall Britannia / Minerva.
Rossi.

put up in 1802.

















Wednesday, 16 September 2026

Westminster Rate Books, 1634 - 1900.

 


This link takes one to the various rate books compiled for each parish but it is not indexed.


Each rate book has been photographed and then later digitalised by the Church of the Latter Day Saints


https://www.familysearch.org/en/search/image/index?owc=https://www.familysearch.org/service/cds/recapi/collections/2489869/waypoints

Below is the link to the indexing.

https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/England,_Westminster_Rate_Books_Digital_Folder_Number_List



It is useful to have Street maps to hand in order to make sense of the routes taken by the collectors.

John Roques Map of 174

Horwood's map of 1799 is also very useful.

https://www.layersoflondon.org/map/overlays/horwood-1799



Here is an example 005134929.

Bedford Bury Ward, Scavengers Ledger for 1735 Image no 122.

Peter's Court off St Martin's Lane

This was the premises of the St Martin's Lane Academy begain in 1735 at the former Russells Meeting House.

Benjamin Rackstraw is on the corner of Peter's Court and St Martin's Lane (north side of the court entrance.

https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_Banks-28-125



Russell's meeting house (later the home of the St Martin's Lane Academy) is not rated suggesting that the building is vacant - no mention of Roubiliac or Hogarth.



Friday, 4 September 2026

The Shirley Busts by Scheemakers National Gallery of Victoria Australia.



Taking a brief break from Coade.

The Three Shirley Family Male Busts by Peter Scheemakers in the National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia.

Originally in the Library at Staunton Harold, Leicestershire.

According to Gunnis on line the three female busts are at Ditchingham Hall Suffolk

.................

Laurence Shirley, 4th Earl Ferrers.

In 1760, Laurence Shirley, 4th Earl Ferrers became the last member of the House of Lords to hang.


Laurence Shirley, 4th Earl Ferrers was born in 1720 as the eldest son of The Honourable Laurence Ferrers.  His maternal grandfather was a Baronet and Tory politician who served four terms in Parliament and was an early ally of William of Orange.

At the age of twenty he quit Oxford University and moved to Paris to lead a life of debauchery.

He returned to England and in 1745 inherited his title from his uncle who had been declared insane, and was removed from office and subsequently died.

Scheemakers’ bust dates from this time, Laurence had fathered at least one illegitimate daughter to his mistress Margaret, and three more daughters were to follow. In 1752 Laurence married 16 year old Mary Meredith, daughter of a baronet and Whig parliamentarian.

 

The marriage was far from happy. Laurence drank excessively, flew into violent rages, attacked Mary, savagely beat the servants and continued his relationship with Margaret. Mary left the marriage after six years and obtained a legal separation from Laurence by an Act of Parliament in 1758.



From Nollekens and his Times by JT Smith pub 1828.


The Scheemakers busts formerly at Staunton Harrold.

 "My amiable and highly-respected friend, Henry Smedley, Esq.. the correctness of whose communications is always implicitly to be depended upon, has favoured me with the following information concerning some other works of this Sculptor.

 "Sanctuary, October 13, 1827.

 "MY DEAR SIR,

 "The six busts by Scheemakers, of which I promised you an account, are in the library at Staunton Harold, the seat of Earl Ferrers, and are noticed in Nichols's "Leicestershire." 

They represent, 1. Hon. Lawrence Shirley, tenth son of first Earl Ferrers. 2. Anne his wife, daughter of Sir Walter Clayes, Bart., and four of their children, viz.: 3, Lawrence, afterwards fourth Earl Ferrers. 4. Washington (the Admiral) afterwards fifth Earl Ferrers. 5. Elizabeth Shirley, died unmarried. 6. Anne Shirley.

 "You are, of course, aware that Scheemakers was also the artist who did the monument of Sir Henry Belasyse, in St. Paul's Chapel, Westminster Abbey.

 I am, my dear Sir,

 "Very sincerely yours,

 "Henry Smedley."


The Melbourn Busts.

Purchased 1960.

 They say -

"The Shirley family was elevated to the Peerage of Great Britain in 1711 and given the title Earls Ferrers. The three busts seen here depict the 4th and 5th Earls and their father the Hon. 

Laurence Shirley who as the fourth son of the 1st Earl did not inherit the title, which, however, passed to his first son Laurence at the passing of his elder brother. The 4th Earl Ferrers gained notoriety when he was convicted of murder and hanged in 1760, the last British Peer of the Realm to be executed for a capital crime".






 







.......................

I have written about Scheemakers and his sculpture previously


Monday, 31 August 2026

The Dying Gladiator - in Coade's Artificial Stone and other materials - some more thoughts.

 




The Dying Gladiator.

Coade's Catalogue of 1784 - no 17 (in the amended version).  The Dying Gladiator 30 guineas.

The price suggests a substial figure.

So far I have been unable to find the version in Coade Stone - the Castle Howard cast is in plaster.

There are two versions at Wentworth Woodhouse - one is in a cementatious artificial stone - the other is in plaster? (to be confirmed).

...................

Image below from the 1784 Catalogue in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris.

Amended later in pen and ink. 

This catalogue is more or less complete with 2 page advertisement, 31 page size and price list and 67 pages of engravings.

Currently the best source on line of the catalogue.


The complete Catalogue in the collection of Peter Hone also has the pen and ink amendements as does the copy in the Royal Academy.




The unamended Coade catalogue of 1784.

This version is in the National Arts Library, Victoria and Albert Museum.

This is a version of the original catalogue. 31 pages. It lacks the engraved illustrations.












...........................

The Plaster Cast at Castle Howard.

Italian Plaster.

1768.


The centrepiece of the Garden Hall is a sculpture of the Dying Gladiator acquired by Frederick Howard, the 5th Earl of Carlisle (1748 - 1825) in Rome in 1768. (this info needs confirmation).

It would seem odd when casts were available in England - but either he was unaware or wanted a first generation cast.

Matthew Brettingham exported various casts of Antiquities including the Dying Gladiator from Rome in 1756 for Charles Lennox, the Duke of Richmond.


..............


The Matthew Brettingham Cast of the Dying Gladiator (Archives at Goodwood House).

The Matthew Brettingham Cast of the Dying Gladiator.


Goodwood Archives, Box 36/20. Brettingham's receipt, dated 13 Nov. 1756, is for the following casts: Petus and Arria , £30; Dying Gladiator , £20; Meleager , £20; Apollo Belvedere , £20; Flora , £20; St Susanna , £18; Callipygian Venus, £12; Apollino , £8; Camillus from Wilton survive, but only for smaller objects.

This is most likely the Dying Gladiator in Charles Lennox, the Duke of Richmond's Gallery at Richmond House, Whitehall.

The Gallery was created in 1758 and the collection opened for the use of students of painting, sculpture and engravings, with instruction provided and silver medals offered for designs and bas-reliefs. 


For Brettingham and Statuary see his Rome Account Book (1747 - 54). John Kenworthy Brown, Published by the Walpole Society 1983.  available online for free if you sign up. -

http://www.jstor.org/stable/41829483?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

Brettingham had intended to open an Academy in London on his return from Rome and had purchased many plaster casts of classical statuary. He had struck a deal with Paulo Posi to obtain casts of subjects in the Vatican Collection. 

Joan Coutu suggests that Prince Frederick was enthusiastic about the idea which eventually came to fruition with the opening of the Charles Lennox, the third Duke of Richmond's Gallery at Richmond House in Whitehall in 1758. 

Unfortunately although highly regarded it only survived as a place for artists to study and draw from the antique until about 1768 .

The foundation of the Royal Academy in 1768 must have hastened its demise although some of the casts remained at Richmond House until 19 July 1820 when the majority were sold by Christies.

see also - ‘The Duke of Richmond’s Gallery in Whitehall’, British Art Journal X.1, 2009. Kenworthy Brown. This is an account of the Duke’s academy of plaster casts, for artists and students of art, 1758-1767: details of the location, contents and the students who attended. This is an expanded version of a paper read at a conference on Plaster Casts, at Oxford, September 2007.

This is the only in depth look at the short lived Duke of Richmonds Gallery.

See also -Taste and the Antique, Yale 1981 and 1998 by Nicholas Penny and Francis Haskell chapter XI -The Proliferation of Casts and Copies.

See also - Then and Now: Collecting and Classicism in Eighteenth-Century England by Joan Coutu, 2015.

The Gallery was destroyed by fire in 1791, but the contents were saved.

Presumably the Duke of Richmond's cast of the Dying Gladiator is that at the Royal Academy at Somerset House in the illustrations (below).

...............................


A Guide through the Royal Academy - Joseph Baretti (1719 -89), pub. 1781.

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=gri.ark:/13960/t1qg51v8s&seq=16&view=1up

Page 23. The Cast of the Dying Gladiator.

This is a useful publication for anyone interested in the plaster casts and drawing school at the R.A. aside from the casts it also details the sculptures on the building by Carlini, Wilton, Cerracci and Bacon.

For the sculpture on the Somerset House see also the British Art Journal, Vol X no 1.







.....................

The Antique School at Old Somerset House, 1779.

Edward Francis Burney (1760 - 1848).


The Royal Academy occupied several London premises before moving to their current premises at Burlington House in 1868.

 Teaching originally took place at premises in Pall Mall, 1768 then in 1771 at Old Somerset House on the Strand from before the Academy as a whole was given apartments in New Somerset House and later in the National Gallery building at Trafalgar Square. 

According to an inscription on the back of the sheet, this drawing shows students at work in Old Somerset House, crammed with copies of statues like the Apollo Belvedere (centre left). In the right-hand corner of the room is Leonardo da Vinci's famous cartoon for 'The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne' (also known as 'The Burlington House Cartoon', c.1499-1500; National Gallery). However, as Old Somerset House was being demolished from 1776 onwards, it is possible that this scene in fact shows the RA Schools operating from a different building altogether, another part of the Somerset House complex or it may have been drawn from memory. By 1779, Academy was getting ready to move into its apartments in New Somerset House.











This drawing below is one of the pair by Edward Francis Burney (1760-1848) in the RA Collection which together provide a glimpse of daily life at the Royal Academy during the 18th century. 

Both portray students of the RA Schools drawing casts of Classical and Renaissance sculptures in the 'Antique School'. Skilful draughtsmanship was essential for aspiring artists at this time and students at the Academy spent up to three years drawing casts before they progressed to life drawing.




.........................


Of Tangential Interest.




Drawn by Richard Dalton engraved by J Wagner.
Drawn in Rome.

This is one of a group of engravings of 1744.

Wellcome Collection.





Richard Dalton - Painter, antiquarian, draughtsman, dealer, engraver; began his career as a painter, but then became an antiquarian-dealer, principally through his activities as Librarian to George, Prince of Wales (subsequently George III). 

He first travelled to Italy in 1739 to continue his studies, first at Bologna, then at Rome, where he specialised in highly finished red chalk drawings after classical statues. By mid-1741 Dalton had also become active as a dealer, particularly in prints. He returned to London in 1743, but left again for Rome in 1747. 

In Sicily in 1749 he encountered Lord Charlemont and his party and joined them as travelling draughtsman on their tour of Constantinople, the Levant, and Greece. The drawings Dalton then made are important as the first visual records of a number of ancient monuments; many were subsequently published in Dalton's 'Musaeum Graecum et Aegyptiacum' (Antiquities of Greece and Egypt, 1751 with additional later issues) and 'Antiquities and Views in Greece and Egypt' (1791). 

In 1754 he offered casts after the antique as well as prints after Raphael et al. at his London lodgings; in 1755 he was appointed Librarian to George, Prince of Wales. In order to enrich the royal collection Dalton travelled to Italy again in 1758-9, where, among other things, he examined Cardinal Albani's collection of drawings (later acquired for the King through James Adam). Dalton became Antiquary at the Royal Academy in 1770. He went to Italy again in 1768-9 and 1774-5, buying paintings and drawings both for the Royal collection and his own, as well as a number of British noblemen. He was appointed Keeper of King’s medals and drawings in 1774 and Surveyor of paintings in 1779. His collection, which included some antiquities, was sold at Christie's in 1791.


............................

Gerard Audran (1640 - 1703).

Les Proportions Du Corps Humain, Mesurées sur les plus belles Figures de l'Antiquité (Paris: 1683), pl. 23











..............................









.........................


The Dying Gladiator - 

Peter Scheemakers

Portland Stone.

 Rousham, Oxfordshire.

Statue of the Dying Gladiator by Peter Scheemakers, circa 1743. 

In part of the landscape garden of 1733 to 1740 created by William Kent at Rousham House, Oxfordshire, built for General James Dormer.




















...........................


The Dying Gladiator.

Valadier 

Bronze.

Syon House, Middlesex.



...............................


The Dying Gladiator.

Bronze.

Iford Manor, Somerset.




........................


Smuglerius.