Bath, Art and Architecture: Marble bust of Jonathan Swift by Joseph Wilton.

Saturday, 1 July 2023

Marble bust of Jonathan Swift by Joseph Wilton.

The North West University, Marble bust of Jonathan Swift.

Inscribed J Wilton.

(Post in preparation).

Joseph Wilton (1722 - 1803).

After the original bust by Dublin Sculptor Patrick Cunningham.

This bust has never before been published.

Currently located in the Library.

North West University, Kirkland, Washington, USA.

I have already posted at some length on Irish portrait sculpture

http://english18thcenturyportraitsculpture.blogspot.com/2016/11/jonathan-swift-by-cunningham.html

Many thanks are due to Tonia Effie Graffakos of North West University for corresponding with me and providing the photographs - very much appreciated.

Inscription.

I. Wilton f.

flor. 17?

I am slightly suspicious of the inscription - it was perhaps added slightly later, but the unusual oval socle is typical of those used on several of Wilton's busts.

See my previous blog post -

http://english18thcenturyportraitsculpture.blogspot.com/2016/11/jonathan-swift-by-cunningham.html

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The Marble Bust of Swift.

1766.

St Patrick's Cathedral Dublin.

by Patrick Cunningham.

Made originally for George Faulkner.

Presented to the Dean and Chapter of St Patrick's Cathedral, in 1776 by his nephew Thomas Todd Faulkner.

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Biography of Patrick Cunningham from the Dictionary of Irish Artists, pub. 1913.

'Patrick Cunninghan was the son of a wine-cooper in Dublin, who having drawn a prize in a lottery started as a wine merchant, but did not succeed. Left unprovided for, and showing a talent for drawing, Patrick Cunningham was placed by the Dublin Society in Robert West's drawing school in George's Lane, where he was a prize-winner in 1748.

The Society apprenticed him to Van Nost, the sculptor, and he was awarded in 1754 a premium of five pounds. In 1756, when in the last year of his apprenticeship, he applied to the Society for assistance, setting forth that he was "bare of clothes and linen," and he was given five pounds to replenish his wardrobe. In 1758 he did figures of a "Roman Slave," a "Venus," and a "Dolphin" for the Dublin Society, and under its patronage he started for himself in William Street. In an advertisement he says that he has "opened a yard and shop in William Street, where he undertakes all manner of statuary work in clay, marble, brass, lead or plaster of Paris. As he is the first native that has been bred to that business he humbly hopes for the favour of the Public" ("Faulkner's Journal," August, 1758).

In 1760 he produced an equestrian statue of "George II," for which the Dublin Society granted him ten guineas. In 1764 the Society ordered that a certificate be given to him that he had been bred up to the art of statuary under the care of the Society, that he had been adjudged several premiums, and that they were well acquainted with, and had a good opinion of, his skill and execution.

In 1765 he designed a monument to Swift, which it was proposed to erect in College Green, and exhibited it at the Society of Artists in George's Lane, as well as a marble bust of "Dean Delany," and a statue of The Farnesian Hercules."

In the following year he contributed to the exhibition a marble "Bust of Dean Swift." This bust he did for George Faulkner, the publisher, who had it in his house in Parliament Street, where it stood on a bracket in a bow window looking towards Essex Bridge. It remained in Faulkner's possession until his death, and in 1776 was presented by his nephew, Thomas Todd Faulkner, to the Dean and Chapter of St. Patrick's. It is now in the South aisle of the Cathedral. To the same exhibition in 1776 Cunningham also sent two busts in terra cotta and "Portraits modelled in coloured wax."

John O'Keeffe, in his "Recollections," tells us that Cunningham "invented the small basso-relievo portraits in wax of the natural colours. They had oval frames and convex crystal glasses and were in great fashion." Probably the success of these portraits induced him to confine himself chiefly to them, for in 1766, being then in College Green, he issued an advertisement informing the public that he "being determined to quit the casting business will sell by auction at his shop in College Green on Monday next, the 3rd March, 1766, his collection of figures, busts, vases, moulds, etc., consisting of the 'Farnese Hercules,' 'Venus de Medicis,' and 'The Sportsman,' all as large as life; antique busts of Roman Emperors and Poets, with several modern busts, vases, academy and other figures" ("Faulkner's Journal," 1st March, 1766).

He then moved to Capel Street, and sent portraits in coloured wax to the exhibitions of the Society of Artists in William Street in 1767 and 1768. He also contributed to the exhibitions in 1769 and 1770 when he was living in Fleet Street.

In 1772 he married a Miss Austin, of Abbey Street, and leaving Dublin, he settled in London. The year after his arrival he sent nine portraits and figures in wax and a bust in clay to the exhibition of the Society of Artists. This was the only occasion that he exhibited his work in London, for he died in December, 1774, at Paddington.

Cunningham was reputed the best wax-modeller of his day, but his works are now quite unknown. In noticing his death the "Hibernian Journal" (14-16th December, 1774) says: "He was a man of great fancy and imagination in architecture, statuary and waxwork, in the latter of which he excelled any in Europe, as may be seen by many of his performances."

Besides the works already mentioned Cunningham did a bust of "Dr. Lawson" for Trinity College, for which he was paid £34 2s. 6d. in 1759. This is now in the Library.

He also executed a bust of "William Maple" for the Dublin Society (below) and a metal bust of "Frederick, King of Prussia." (where is this bust - lead?) This bust was placed in a niche on a house in Prussia Street in March, 1760, when "Cabragh Lane" was changed to "Prussia Street." Beneath it was a black marble slab with "Prussia Street" in gilt letters'.

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For the bust of William Maple by Cunningham at the RDS (Royal Dublin Society) see my previous post -

http://bathartandarchitecture.blogspot.com/2016/10/bust-of-william-maple-by-patrick.html