Updated again 23 November 2024 with he excerpt from the Sotheby's Catalogue 6 July 1990.
This post updated 9 Sept 2024 with addition of the photographs of the bust taken by the author and the photograph from the Paul Mellon Photographic Archive of the Sotheby's Terracotta bust.
The Marble Bust of John Ray (1627 - 1705).
in the Wren Library Trinity College, Cambridge.
by Louis Francois Roubiliac.
Inscribed L.F. Roubiliac on the right hand side of the base of the bust,
and dated 1751 on the socle.
Reading through this post again I see that I failed to mention that Roubiliac had used the very similar drapery on several other busts -
The 1739 terracotta bust of Henry Streatfield in the Mausoleum at Chillingstone, Kent.
The Terracotta (V&A) and Marble (Birmingham Museum) busts of the Vauxhall Gardens impresario Jonathan Tyers -
Donated to Trinity College in 1754 by Edmund Garforth.
Along with the marble bust of Francis Willoughby also signed and dated 1751.
Garforth, an undergraduate at Trinity from 1720 and Fellow of the college from 1726, who then moved to a living in York, married Elizabeth Willoughby, a descendant of the naturalist, in 1750.
For the bust of Willoughby see -
All images above copyright the Master and Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge.
I am very grateful to Sandy Paul, Sub Librarian at Trinity College Library for arranging for me to receive these photographs.
see -
http://www.facebook.com/trin.coll.cam.lib
Roubiliac used the same basic drapery pattern on other busts including that of Jonathan Tyers and Henry Streatfield.
'John
Ray, who is known as the father of natural history in this country, was born at
Black Notley, near Braintree, Essex, the son of the village blacksmith.(2)
Until 1670 he spelt his name Wray. He was educated at Braintree Grammar School
and Catherine Hall, Cambridge. In 1646 he transferred to Trinity College, where
he was elected to a minor fellowship in 1649 at the same time as Isaac Barrow.
In August and September 1658 he rode through
the Midland counties and North Wales, making the first of his botanical tours
for which the itinerary survives. His 'Catalogus plantarum circa Cantabrigiam
nascentium' published in 1660 described 626 species, and was the first local
catalogue of the plants of a district issued in England. Ray made a second
botanical journey in July and August 1661, this time to Northumberland and
south Scotland. A third followed between May and July 1662 in company with his
pupil Francis Willoughby ); they visited the
Midlands and North Wales, South Wales, Devon, Cornwall and the south-west. In
April Ray and Willoughby, who had devised a project in the previous year to
describe the whole organic world, left with two others for Holland, Germany,
Switzerland, Italy, Sicily and Malta, remaining abroad for three years. During
winter 1666-7 Ray arranged Willoughby's collections at Middleton Hall,
Warwickshire. In summer 1667 the two men went to Cornwall, returning through
Hampshire to London. Ray was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society at this
time.
When
Willoughby died in July 1672, Ray was left an annuity of £60. He took on the
education of his friend's two sons for the next four years, living at Middleton
Hall and marrying a member of the household. Ray edited his friend's unfinished
works during the rest of his own life.
In 1676 he moved to Sutton Coldfield,
and in autumn 1677 to Falkbourne Hall, near Witham, Essex. On the death of his
mother in 1679, he moved to Black Notley where he lived for the rest of his
life. He is buried in the churchyard at Black Notley, where there is a monument
to him.
Towards
the end of his life Ray was in close touch with Sir Hans Sloane and published his Jamaican collections. Sloane's
high regard for Ray can be judged from Per Kalm's description of his visit to
Sloane's Museum in Chelsea in 1748: "In another room we saw a number of
representations of Kings, learned men and others. Among them was a portrait of
Mr. John Ray which must be the only one of him to be found in England [see
below]. It very much resembles that which is found on the title page of his
'Wisdom of God in the Creation'."
Ray's contribution to the study of
plants, animals, birds and insects was immense, and especially valuable for its
clarity. Linnaeus perpetuated his name in the genus 'Rajania' in the yam tribe.
His 'Catalogue of English Proverbs', first published anonymously in 1670, and
his 'Collection of English Words not Generally Used' have provided material for
scholars of dialect and folklore.
Ray was
ordained in December 1660 by the Bishop of Lincoln; he resigned his fellowship
rather than subscribe to the "Bartholomew Act" of 1662, but remained
a communicant.'
The text above lifted from British Museum website.
_______________________
The Wren Library bust of John Ray.
Stipple Engraving by C.G. Lewis, 1848.
Wellcome Collection Images.
________________________________
The British Museum Terracotta Bust of John Ray.
Height 61 cms, width.
Bought by Dr Maty at the Posthumous sale of the contents of the Roubiliac Sale in St Martin's Lane.
Third Day, 14 May 1762, lot 177.
NB the fur collar has not been defined in this bust
The terracotta bust
is the model for the marble in the Wren Library, at Trinity College, Cambridge
which is dated 1751 on the socle, but was probably carved about four years
later (see below).
There two terracotta versions of this bust - The Matey British Museum version and the version that first appeared at Sotheby's 6 July 1990. (see photographs below).
The marble differs only in one major respect, in the working
of the stone to show the fur lapel of the sitter's robe.
There is a terracotta (now verified as plaster) in Saffron Waiden Museum, (this needs to be checked) and another was on the London art market in November
1970; a later plaster cast is in the Victoria and Albert Museum.
The donor
of the marble to Trinity, Edmund Garforth, paid the sculptor £108-10s-10d in June
1756.
On 17 January 1755 the sculptor was allowed by the Museum "at the
request of the Revd Dr Smith, Master of Trinity College in Cambridge, to make a
Draught from the picture of Mr John Ray . . . in
order for the making of a
Busto of him to be placed in the said College". This picture was one of
two contemporary portraits in oil long thought to be the work of Mrs Mary
Beale, one now in the Natural History Museum, the other in the National
Portrait Gallery.
The latter belonged to Sir Hans Sloane. A contemporary
crayon drawing of Ray by W. Faithorne, engraved, as Ray tells us, by W. Elder
in 1690, was published as a frontispiece to 'The Wisdom of God' and again in
the following year for the Dutch edition of 'Methodus emendata'.
It was
slightly altered by George Vertue and published in 1713 for the third edition
of 'Physico-Theological Discourses'. Evidently Ray himself preferred the
Faithorne portrait and it appears to be this artist who inspired Roubiliac.
...........................
A Second Terracotta Bust of Ray.
Offered by Sotheby's London - Lot 65 - 5 July 1990.
Presumably unsold - it appears again on the market in 1993.
Inscribed under the Right should Roubiliac Sc.
It would be useful to inspect this bust - It is possible that it is a finished prototype for the marble but on the other hand I suspect that it might be another cast from the original marble at the Wren Library.
Where is it now?
the Second Terracotta bust of Ray offered again by Sotheby's Lot 145, 22 April 1993.
Height 63.5 cms.
They say Inscribed ROUBILIAC. FEC.
This bust has the fur collar unlike the British Museum terracotta.
Image courtesy Paul Mellon Photographic Archive.
____________________________________
John Ray.
Plaster.
Height 74 cms
Provenance unknown.
Victoria and Albert Museum.
The piece mould marks are very visible - this bust appears to have been cast directly from the Wren Library, Trinity College Marble.
It shows the extra detail of the fur on the lapel which does not appear on the terracotta in the BM.
______________________
The Plaster Bust of John Ray.
Braintree Museum.
Braintree, Essex
I am very grateful to Leah Mellors of Braintree Museum for providing me with these photographs.
NB the fur collar on this bust.
_____________________________________
Terracotta? Bust of John Ray.
Art Market 1992.
see - http://www.artnet.com/artists/louis-francois-roubiliac/bust-of-john-ray-BMR7N-iArxY332eaQ_AxbA2
They say terracotta - 25 cms?
Not a very reliable source.
A close inspection reveals that this is the terracotta bust at Sotheby's illustrated above.
_________________________________________
John Ray.
After Roubiliac.
Height 73 cms.
Plaster.
Victoria and Albert Museum.
Inscribed on the base 'JOA.S
RAY./1751/POSUIT/EDM.GARFORTH AM.'
Signed on
both sides of the support,
'L.F. Roubiliac Sc'
Given by
the executors of the sculptor Sir J.E. Boehm, Bart., R.A.
They say late 19th century "This bust
of the naturalist John Ray appears to be taken from the marble original by
Roubiliac, one of a series of portraits of distinguished members of Trinity
College, Cambridge.
It appears to be cast from the marble itself and is not an
eighteenth century multiple".
Given the detail of the fur collar I believe that this statement is correct.
________________________________________
John Ray.
by Thomas Hudson.
Oil on Canvas.
237 x 145 cms.
Trinity College, Cambridge.
Gifted by Richard Ray 1752.
_________________________________________
John Ray.
Anonymous.
National Portrait Gallery.
______________________________
William Faithorne (1620 - 91)
Given to the British Museum by Sir Hans Sloane.
_________________________________________
John Ray.
After William Faithorne.
Engraved by William Elder.
169 x 100 mm.
This engraving used three times as frontispieces to Stirpium Eupaerium 1694
Wisdom of God 1701.
and Three Discourses 1732.
_______________________________________
Engraving
after William Faithorne.
George Vertue.
168 x 108 mm
1713.
British Museum.
____________________________________
John Ray.
Engraving.
Thomas Worlidge (1700 - 66).
c. 1740.
British Museum.
This post was updated 27 March 2018.
